transfer, export or re-export, directly or indirectly, any Bio-Rad product, technology or software (or any part thereof, or the product of such technology or software, or any process or service which is the product of such technology or software) to any person or entity identified by the U.S.transfer, export or re-export any Bio-Rad product to Your customers or any intermediate entity in the chain of supply if any Bio-Rad product will be used in the design, development, production, stockpiling or use of missiles, chemical or biological weapons or for nuclear end uses or. Department of Commerce as a sanctioned and/or embargoed person or entity. (For a current list of all sanctioned and/or embargoed persons or entities, please consult the U.S. Department of Commerce).Īll rights to use the Bio-Rad product(s) are granted on condition that such rights are forfeited if You fail to comply with the terms of these Export Compliance Requirements.įor more information regarding U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control.Housekeeping Protein Normalization Protocol Introduction export laws and regulations, contact the U.S. In quantitative Western blotting (QWB), normalization mathematically corrects for unavoidable sample-to-sample and lane-to-lane variation by comparing the target protein to an internal loading control. Using a Housekeeping Protein (HKP) as an Internal Loading Control The internal loading control is used as an indicator of sample protein loading, to correct for loading variation and confirm that observed changes represent actual differences between samples.įor more normalization related resources, see " Further Reading". Housekeeping proteins (HKPs) are routinely used as loading controls for Western blot normalization. Accurate normalization requires stable expression of the HKP across all experimental conditions and treatments. Because HKP normalization relies on a single indicator of sample loading, variation in HKP expression leads to inconsistent estimation of sample loading and introduces experimental error that may alter data analysis.įor widely-used HKPs (such as actin, tubulin, and GAPDH), stable expression has generally been assumed. However, expression of common HKPs is now known to vary in response to certain experimental conditions, including cell confluence, disease state, drug treatment, and cell or tissue type.īefore an HKP is used for Western blot normalization, stable expression must be validated for the specific experimental context and treatments. For more information, see the Housekeeping Protein Validation Protocol ( /HKP-Validation LI-COR). This protocol describes how to use a housekeeping protein for Western blot normalization and quantitative analysis. This protocol is intended for use with near-infrared fluorescent Western blots. Saturated bands and sample overloading frequently compromise the accuracy of QWB.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |